The Psychological Effects of Unemployment Essay - 910 Words

Unemployment has become a very prominent issue worldwide; moreover in the United States the unemployment rates have been persistently high. Since December 2008, the unemployment rate in America has been over 7 percent, and in late 2009 it peaked at 10 percent (Nichols, Mitchell, and Lindner 1). Despite the gradual improvements in the labor market, the supply of workers available in relation to available work, long-term unemployment – the share of the unemployed who have been out of work for more than six months – remains at unprecedented levels. The fraction of unemployed workers who are long-term unemployed has hovered around 40 percent from late 2009 into 2013, although it had never previously risen above 30 percent since the Great†¦show more content†¦A certain cost of unemployment that considerably outweighs other factors is the non-pecuniary cost (Carroll 287). Non-pecuniary is anything that does not consist of money. The main non-pecuniary cost is distres s and decreased psychological well being. This is shown in many different forms and can be influenced and modified by many different aspects. There are many factors involved in the severity of these psychological effects of unemployment. All of the factors join together to lead to a bigger object: the psychological well being of the unemployed individual and the psychological effects of unemployment. Factors Affecting the Psychological Effects â€Å"Many studies have concluded that unemployment is a health hazard – the subtle implication being that it is better to be employed than unemployed† (O’Brien 240). The factors that affect the impact of unemployment on the psychological well being of the unemployed individual are major to the severity of these psychological effects. â€Å"Unemployment has a large negative effect on individual well being† (Knabe, Andreas, and Ratzel). The predominant mood expressed by the unemployed was reported to be anger and hopelessness (O’Brien 187). â€Å"They were generally ashamed of their own inability to find work, but rather of their misery† (O’Brien 187). There are many factors that take a play in this and better explain theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health1590 Words   |  7 PagesAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people experience social disadvantages which significantly impacts their physi cal, psychological, emotional, spiritual and social health. This essay analyses the impacts of the social determinants of health such as socioeconomic status, early life and psychological distress to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health which causes the wide gap in the social disadvantages experienced by the Indigenous community. According to the assessment of a ProductivityRead MoreUnemployment : A Social And An Economic Threat1127 Words   |  5 Pagesmany social issues such as vandalism, racism, obesity and prejudice. However, unemployment has become the most histrionic one. Unemployment is both a social and an economic condition. Unemployment is the state where individuals seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is a global reality where both the developing and developed countries suffer from it. As time goes the condition of unemployment is being worse. Unemployment has become both a social development and a global economic threat. AccordingRead MoreEconomic Crisis: Effects on the Economy1486 Words   |  6 PagesRunning Head: ECONOMIC CRISIS: EFFECTS ON THE ECONOMY 2 Abstract The United States is obviously in a state of economic despair. This essay has supporting facts that prove the economy is definitely not on the mend. The public has been led to believe that this downward spiral is almost over. 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This essay will establish the effects the war had to the US soldiers. The humiliating defeat of the war was probably one of the worst driving influential factors in what the veterans later suffered. The defeat of the Vietnam War cost the US military its pride globally, but more severelyRead MoreEffects Of Recession On The Employment Level1106 Words   |  5 PagesRecessions generally occur due to an effect of adverse demand shock. Unemployment is one of the most prominent effects of recession. Due to the economic downturn, companies try to save money rather than investing it in a production process. On the other hand, the consumption power of the consumers also reduces by a significant level. These factors have a serious impact on the employment level. After the recovery from the recession period (2007-2009), although the unemployment rate reduced gradually, howeverRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1147 Words   |  5 Pagesinsignificant as that may seem, it is a problem that those who fought for the country are the ones who end up fighting to stay alive in that same country they just devoted their life to. A major factor that leads to poverty is joblessness. The unemployment rate is drastically different for veterans than it is for the average citizen. Within the past ten years, veteran employment rate skyrocketed to an astounding 11.7%, whereas the general public has an employment rate of 9.1%. Now, the question of

Socrates, The Philosopher Of Western Philosophy - 1525 Words

Socrates; the founder of Western Philosophy, the first user of the Socratic method and Socratic irony, contributor to the field of ethics, and martyr for teaching what he thought was right. Indeed, Socrates is a household name, yet the picture many hold of Socrates may not be true to who Socrates actually was. Socrates considered himself a teacher and a thinker, not a writer, thus he wrote none of his teachings or thoughts down. As a consequence, the only surviving accounts of Socrates come second hand from his pupils, Plato and Xenophon, and from the playwright Aristophanes. However, it is difficult to tell how much of the Socrates depicted in the works of those men is embellishment or outright fabrication, and how much is truth. This problem, the Socratic Problem, has been troubling historians and philosophers for centuries, and will go on doing so. While the real Socrates may never be known, Socrates the character may be studied extensively through the works of his pupils. Platoâ €™s Symposium depicts Socrates in an informal setting, getting drunk with friends, and offers an opportunity to see Socrates’ character and personality more clearly. While Symposium is set at a party, Socrates is still shown to be a larger-than-life, idealized character, who may have been too brilliant and perfect to be true. Like Plato’s other works, such as Republic and Apology, when Socrates is on the page, he is engaged in a dialogue with somebody else. Thus, Socrates is primarily depicted asShow MoreRelatedGreek Philosophy And The Greek Creation1593 Words   |  7 Pages The word â€Å"philosophy†, comes from the Ancient Greek word (Phileo), meaning â€Å"to love† or â€Å"to befriend† and (Sophia), meaning â€Å"wisdom†; making philosophy stand for â€Å"the love of wisdom†. Philosophy is about understanding the fundamental truths about ourselves, the world in which we live in, and our relationships to the world and am ongst each other. It is the study of general problems connected with existence, values, language, and mind. Those who study philosophy (philosophers), engage in askingRead MoreGreek And Classical Greek Philosophy997 Words   |  4 Pages Classical Greek Philosophy A philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, esp. when considered as an academic discipline. Greece was divided into several city-states, which ran separately and independent from each other. However, they shared commonalities, such as common ancestry, language, and festivals. Foreigners were all considered barbarians to the Greek. Greek Culture is reflected in today s Society in many ways. These ways include mathematicsRead MoreEssay on Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers803 Words   |  4 Pages[Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers ] Comparison of Eastern and Western Philosophers I will compare the Western philosopher Socrates to the Eastern philosopher Lao Tzu. 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What is Philosophy, What are the origins of Philosophy and why am I studying Philosophy today. Therefore my main reason for studying philosophy is to expand my knowledge and liveRead More Socrates Essay601 Words   |  3 Pages Philosophy in ancient Greece was merely a type of argument, until a pioneer named Socrates showed the world a new way of thinking. Socrates was born in 469 BC in Athens (where he lived all his life) as the son of Sophroniscus, a stonemason, and Phaenarete. In his life, Socrates changed common philosophy, which was a study of why the way things are, into a consideration of the virtue and health of the human soul. Rather than writing books and recording his thoughts himself, he orally passedRead MoreThe Basic Principle Of Inquiry1195 Words   |  5 Pagesbeginnings of philosophy were somewhat elementary, but complexity has built as history advances. Philosophy is loosely organized into 2 fields, Western and Eastern. 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Cloud Computing Virtual Machine Software Patch

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing for Virtual Machine Software Patch. Answer: Introduction ABC Payrolls should opt for the IaaS for the Cloud Computing which is able to provide the virtualized computing resource on the Internet. With this, a third party provider is able to host the software, hardware and the other storage systems. The providers use the host user application in order to handle the system with the resilience planning and the backup. The platforms offer the highly scalable resources which are easy to adjust and are in demand. This workload is based on the temporary form where the characteristics of the automation are based on the dynamic scaling, desktop virtualization and the other policy based services. (Yamato et al., 2015). Iaas Provider The ABC Payrolls should focus on switching to cloud where the focus has been on the entire infrastructure, system management and the monitoring. The IaaS provider work on the user overloading and properly including the services which are including the Amazon Web Services, Windows Azure and the Google Compute Engine. This allows the organization to work on the computing of the equipment and the resources like the server, storage and the networking with load balancing and content delivery of the networks. The provider works on owing and maintaining the equipment with the services that hold the management and the specialized services. The evaluation is based on handling the management functions and the other monitoring tools to identify the management and the service level agreements with the customer support. The vendors focus on integrating the public cloud service with the infrastructure that will be able to create the hybrid environment. (Da Cunha et al., 2016). Through AWS, it is easy work on the full range of the computing and the storage settings which are based on-demand instances and other specialized services like the Amazon Elastic Map Reduce and the Cluster GPU Instances. They have been able to offer the workflow with the passing of the messages and the archival storage with in-memory caching of the services and the other search patterns with both relational and the NoSQL database. This contains the complete mixture of the services where the flow of work is for the complex areas to the project expenses. Conclusion ABC Payrolls are able to deliver the scalability, no investment in the hardware with the utility style costing and the location independence which is helpful for the cloud hosting with the on demand scalability to deal with the different unexpected demands which are on the website. The customers need to pay on the per- use basis where the providers also have been able to charge the customers as per the amount which is based on the virtual machine space. The model is able to eliminate the capital expenses of the deployment of the in-house hardware and software. Reference Yamato, Y. (2015). Automatic system test technology of virtual machine software patch on IaaS cloud.IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering,10(S1), S165-S167. Da Cunha Rodrigues, G., Calheiros, R. N., Guimaraes, V. T., Santos, G. L. D., de Carvalho, M. B., Granville, L. Z., ... Buyya, R. (2016, April). Monitoring of cloud computing environments: concepts, solutions, trends, and future directions. InProceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing(pp. 378-383). ACM.

The Power of Story Telling Essay Example Essay Example

The Power of Story Telling Essay Example Paper The Power of Story Telling Essay Introduction To understand and learn from different textual materials is the real essence of reading. This is the very reason why it is perceived that kindergarten learners need to continuously increase their reading comprehension skills as they move forward with their grade or school levels (Williams, 1998). Based on reports, teachers are worrying that as time goes by, more and more learners go to school without the expected knowledge and skills in reading and comprehending textual materials given to them (Snow, 2002). Needless to say, the children-learners’ literacy level tend to go down which is brought by many different factors.Indeed, there have been recent studies conducted which reveal that increasing the literacy level of the kindergarten learners is becoming a challenging tasks for the teachers. Students who are in the in their middle age of learning are already being taught for proper reading and comprehension. However, there are reports that show that there are increasing number of students who have gone to higher levels but â€Å"are still not fully equipped with the right reading and comprehension perspectives,† thus a big task to teachers and other educational facilitators nowadays is how to increase the reading comprehension of students in the middle school (Snow, 2002). For this reason alone, different teaching methods and approaches have been tried to eliminate the continuing problem on low literacy level.With all the information stated above, it should be realized that to increase the literacy skills of the young learners, teachers need to provide extra time to their students. This ‘extra time’ can be consumed by reading to the students. And this is where story telling comes in really handy.Storytelling is an ancient art, as old as oral communication itself. To be human is to be a storyteller; we use stories to define ourselves, to make sense of our world, and to create community. Unfortunately, educators – including teach er-librarians- have often neglected storytelling as a teaching tool and as a useful skill for students.The oral tradition of telling stories goes back to the beginning of spoken language. Long before historical events were written down, storytellers relayed stories to preserve culture and heritage (Vansina, 1985). The earliest recorded stories, such as the tales of Gilgamesh, Beowulf, and the Greek and Norse myths, were first communicated as oral tales (Thompson, 1946).There are a number of benefits that can be derived in storytelling to children-learners. One of the most important aspect that story telling brings to learners is its ability to stimulate interest in reading. If a teacher is orally sharing a story that is based on a book, it is important to let the students know that the book is available to be checked out of the school library. Most students love to hear stories, and that the story can often be transferred to the printed word.Storytelling teaches and reinforces both oral and listening skills (Groce, 2001) – two basic life skills that usually do not receive the same attention in schools as reading and writing. The pleasure that children can receive by listening to stories helps them associate listening with enjoyment. They also learn how to be respectful listeners. Storytelling enhances vocabulary and language development, assisting students in discovering both the beauty and the power of words. Many adults in today’s society are afraid of speaking in front of an audience. When children and youth are involved in oral presentations, they become more comfortable with public speaking as they grow older. Thus, storytelling can help foster self-confidence and poise (Caulfield, 2000).A well-told story can nurture the imagination of students and assist them in mental visualization (Baker ; Greene, 1977). Too often the youths are bombarded with audio and visual stimulation and are rarely provided opportunities to mentally see characters, s ettings, and actions. When students tell stories, they are offered outlets for their own creative expression. The storyteller can change a story, adding ideas or details that make it one’s own creation. This is often referred to as â€Å"making a story your own.†Storytelling through the ages has been used as a teaching tool, whether for imparting the values contained in many of the folktales or for simply passing along information. Facts embedded in a story are generally much easier to learn and recall than when presented in an informational format (Wagner Smith, 1969).Each culture has its own folktales and stories; thus, participation in storytelling can convey an awareness and appreciation of other cultures. It is a way of respecting the heritage of a particular culture, reinforcing societal values, and keeping traditions and folk heroes alive.Most important, storytelling is fun. Stories can be funny, suspenseful, exciting, and thought provoking. Having times in our school day to laugh and be entertained provides opportunities for students to relax and adds variety to classroom routines.The Best Approaches to StorytellingOn Selecting a StoryOne of the most important steps in storytelling is the selection of a story that will be shared aloud. Not every book can be used to tell a story. The selected story should have a definite beginning, middle, and end. Folktales, myths, legends, hero tales, humorous stories, and realistic stories are especially suitable for storytelling. Consider the age of the audience when choosing a story. Young children love stories with repetition and pleasing word sounds, whereas older children prefer stories that have action, humor, and suspense. The teachers should always choose a story that he/she enjoys him/herself (Wagner Smith, 1969).On Preparing a StoryBefore attempting to tell a story, the teacher should read it through several times and try to picture the events and hear the voices of the characters. Although the teacher may want to memorize repetitive, interesting, and beautiful phrasing that will help retain the flavor of the original story, avoid memorizing an entire story. Develop a clear outline of the story plot in mind, and then simply tell it. It is particularly important to be familiar with the beginning and the end of a story. Once the teacher feels comfortable that he/she knows the story thoroughly, try to imagine the audience and then practice telling the story aloud numerous times (Wagner Smith, 1969).On Telling the StoryThe following are several tips that can help both the teachers and the kindergarten learners and become successful storytellers (Baker Greene, 1977): · Use natural voice, speaking simply in an unaffected way. · Speak loudly enough to be easily heard. · Articulate clearly. · Use pauses and changes of pace and pitch to create moods. · Use gestures when appropriate, but avoid movement that is unrelated to the story. · Keep face alive and expressiv e. · Maintain eye contact with the listeners. · Subordinate oneself to the story.Remember, the teachers are the instrument while the story is the main feature.Some Extension Activities for StorytellingAlthough the teachers’ ultimate goal is to have kindergarten students begin to tell their own stories, the teacher may want to begin getting students involved in storytelling by having them participate in some extension activities of stories that another adult storyteller shares. The following are some activities that can be used to involve students in storytelling (Baker Greene, 1977): · Discuss possible other endings for a story. · Tell something that could have happened to one of the characters in a story before or after the story. · Using a microphone, interview the characters in a story, with one student being a television news reporter and other students being the characters in a story. · Write a different ending for a story. · Write a journal entry as one o f the characters in a story. · Write a poem about a story. · Make up a song or jingle for the story. · Write a newspaper article about what happened in a story. · Research one of the characters in a story. · Draw a picture of a favorite scene in a story. · Make a comic strip of a story. · Make a story quilt, with each student drawing a different part of a story and then piecing drawings together. · Make props that can be used to retell a story. · Act out a story using sound effects, movements, and gestures. · Take turns retelling a story by passing along a magic wand or other object and have each student tell a portion of the story. · Retell a story from another point of view. · Retell a story, sharing it with a different audience.ConclusionIndeed, increasing the literacy skills of the young learners is not an easy task. There are varied factors that both the teachers and the learners need to consider before they can fully succeed in their goal. One of the fo remost factors that teachers should really take into consideration is the ways in which they could provide more time to read to the students and at the same time stimulate them to read. And it was found out that storytelling can achieve such objectives.Storytelling is still very much a part of the work of youth services librarians in school and public libraries. Whether stories are told with props, costumes, puppets, or flannel boards or whether a storyteller stands alone at the front of the room, stories can stimulate children to read, to listen, and to use their creative skills. Most important, listening to and telling stories helps children connect with and understand themselves and other people, a valuable asset in an increasingly complex and diverse world and the most dominating criteria to increasing the literacy skills.Pedagogical ApplicationsAs a teacher, I would like to enhance my storytelling skills so that I can use this as part of my everyday learning programs for the yo ung learners that I am handling. Based on the ideas presented above, story telling to the kindergarten students will truly augment, not only their literacy skills but also some aspect of their own mental, psychological and/or overall personality, with which I, as the teacher needs to provide due consideration also. By this alone, I am most confident that by giving some time – everyday, or maybe twice a day – for storytelling (such as in the mat time), educational achievement of my young learners will become on a high level. The Power of Story Telling Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Inbreeding Depression

Inbreeding Depression Free Online Research Papers There is currently 1.5 to 1.8 million species in the world that have been successfully named and classified. Of this number a vast amount already has, or is in the process of extinction. Loss of habitat, over-exploitation of wildlife for commercial purposes, the introduction of harmful exotic species, environmental pollution, and the spread of diseases pose serious threats to the world’s biological heritage. This is of key concern as the removal of a single species can set off a chain reaction in the ecosystem affecting many others. This is especially true for keystone species, whose loss can transform or undermine the ecological processes or fundamentally change the species composition of the wildlife community. (U.S Fish And WildLife Service, 2005)Is there a method in which these species can be saved from extinction and reintroduced into the wildlife? A zoological garden shortened to zoo, is an institution in which animals are exhibited in captivity. In addition to providing visitors with an entertaining spectacle, modern zoos are also involved with conservation biology (PA, 2005). Conservation biology is the scientific study of the nature and status of the earth’s biodiversity with the aim of protecting species, their habitats, and ecosystems from excessive rates of extinction (Soule, 1986). Zoos meet there conservation role through captive breeding, the process of raising plants or animals in controlled conditions to produce stock for release into the wild, education, research, animal welfare, environmental enrichment, reintroduction and support for in situ conservation of species (F, 2008). Despite many efforts being made into conserving species, there are however some major cons traints faced by zoos in meeting their conservation role while at the same time providing opportunities for the public to learn more about and enjoy nature in artificial forms. One major constraint faced by zoos, is the cost and time to conserve some species. Large species breed at a much slower rates than other species and undergo seasonal breeding and require extensive fostering. An average cost of 1 million dollars in the USA is needed per year/per zoo. Therefore zoos require continued funds by tourism, and other methods in order to keep these species conserved. Other consequences arise within species themselves. Species that are kept conserved in zoos for a long period of time, result in a loss of behaviour in the wildlife, and essentially the species become adapted to zoo life. Species that have been kept in zoos for a long period of time, are in the habit of extensive care and nourishment, and therefore become adapted to living in a predator free environment. However, when let out into the wild, these species have no experience in searching for food and avoiding predators therefore natural selection will select for these traits that are advantageous in captivity, but deleterious in the wild population. A major approach that is taken to conserve an endangered species is inbreeding, which is breeding between closely related species, most often a result of population bottleneck. This is a major comeback for conservation as inbreeding often results to -inbreeding depression which is a reduction in the species fitness, and eventually leads to reductions in genetic variability. In a population where inbreeding occurs most offsprings will have recessive deleterious traits and these traits will be masked by heterozygosity, and so natural selection will select against heterozygote’s. (Lynch, 2005) Inbreeding depression is a major consequence of captive breeding, as seen in species such as Lion population, South China Tiger, and the California Condor. These are just a few out of the numerous numbers of endangered species, which have undergone captive breeding and have been made an attempt at to keep conserved in the wildlife population. In order to illustrate the detrimental effects of Inbreeding depression, Packer et al, 1990 examined the declining lion population in Ngorongoro Crater which is an extinct volcanic caldera located at the western edge of the Gregory Rift. The lion population estimated to be at about 60 to 75 individuals over the period 1957-1961. In 1962 however, the lion population suffered an extraordinary outbreak of Stomoxys calcitrans biting flies that reduced the population to about nine females and one male. (C.Packer, 1991) Because of the drastic reduction in population size, there was extensive inbreeding amongst the survivor species. As examined by Packer et al, 1990 Ngorongoro Crater was largely repopulated by descendents of a group of four females. Each successive cohort of cubs belonging to these four females subsequently became established breeders and mated with only seven breeding males that immigrated to the Crater all during the period shortly after the outbreak. However once the sur viving females had bred successfully, the large coalitions of males prevented any further immigration which further increased inbreeding and therefore levels of heterozygosity subsequently declined by 10 percent. With a decline in levels of heterozygosity there is evidence that shows impaired reproduction in the Crater lions and higher proportion of abnormal sperm, which reduces sperm quality such that it penetrates female eggs at a very low rate. As a result productivity of the Crate population has declined since the 1970’s and as predicted the average levels of heterozygosity in this population will continue to decline in the future in the absence of any male immigration. A similar study of a lion species named Panthera Leo, abundant in Africa suffered population bottle neck due to loss of habitat. (Bjorklund, 2003) And this resulted in reduced genetic diversity which is correlated with reduction in survival. This results in a higher population decline and can increase the rate of extinction. Therefore, as demonstrated by Packer et al, and Bjorklund et al, reduction in population size of a species promotes inbreeding which causes a decline in genetic diversity, and ultimately has detrimental effects on the species. Inbreeding depression has also been observed in the South China tiger, by study done by (Y.C. et al, 2007). The South China Tiger (Panthera Tigris Amoyensis) is a subspecies of tiger native to forests of southern China. Of the currently present 5 tiger species, the South China Tiger is the rarest and the most critically endangered due to factors including hunting, poaching and habitat loss. However one of the most serious threats to tiger’s survival is the use of tiger products in traditional Chinese medicines. The tiger bone is considered to be one of the most valued as a treatment to various conditions. (Tilson, 1997) Due to these factors the individuals declined from a reputed number of 4000 species in 1950’s and continued to decline until the mid 1990’s when the number of free ranging species was estimated to be fewer than 20 individuals(Gilson et al.2004). In the 1950’s however four females and two males were captured from the wild and were used to fo und a captive population. (Y.C.Xu, 2007). Because of the vast decrease in population number, the 6 founder population were enforced to inbreed in the 1970’s and continues to inbreed because of comeback such as their mating behaviour. Female tigers can only mate when they reach maturity at 3 years of age and only in temperate climates seasonally. Because of this only a small number of tigers are able to breed in each generation which lead to inbreeding depression in 1972. As observed by (Y.C.XU et al, 2007) inbreeding depression in the population shows low level of juvenile survivorship due to the loss of genetic variation and because of this infants were not able to adjust to the changing environmental conditions. Also because of low fertility and fecundity, reproductive difficulties were observed amongst the species. As a result the small number of founders and inbreeding depression contribute to a major challenge of conserving the South China Tiger. Inbreeding depression has also occurred in the wild population of the California Condor that ranged from British Columbia to Baja California in the 19th century (Vickey, 2000). During that time period, the species faced dramatic population decline caused by high mortality rates due to exploitation, habitat destruction and the most prominent factor lead poisoning. It wasn’t until the 1987, that all the remaining population of 27 individuals of which 14 were males and 13 are females were captured and brought into captivity. (Phillip, 1995) Due to the small population size, there was extensive inbreeding which led to the loss of genetic variation and changes in allele frequency. The population also harvested a vast amount of deleterious recessive alleles, which are usually depleted of the population by natural selection. Before the decline in the Condor population there is much genetic variability, and therefore recessive deleterious alleles are hidden from natural selection by d ominant alleles. However when the population declined, and inbreeding was enforced, close relatives that mate one another likely carry the same recessive deleterious alleles. Accordingly when relatives mate the offspring may inherit two copies of the same recessive deleterious allele expressing it. According to the study conducted by (Ralls et al. 1999), captive flocks had produced five deformed embryos that exhibited Chondrodystrophy, and died near the time of hatching. Chondrodystrophy, a recessive deleterious allele in chickens, is a condition where the abnormal development of cartilage affects bone growth before birth, and eventually leads to dwarfism. Chondrodystrophy in birds can be caused by a variety of factors such as mycoplasma infections and dietary deficiencies, particularly of manganese. (Ralls et al. 1999). Therefore inbreeding depression exposes Chondrodystrophy in offsprings, which results in a high mortality rate and ultimately reduction in population and stability of species extinction. Other species that are affected by recessive deleterious alleles caused by inbreeding are Golden Lion Tamarin’s (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia). According to study done by (Bush et al. 1996), Golden Lion Tamarin’s are native to the forests of Brazil and are widely endangered with a captive population originating in 1982 due to extensive deforestation. The current captive population of 494 individuals underwent inbreeding, which resulted Diaphragmatic defects, a disease caused by recessive deleterious alleles. A diaphragmatic defect is a rare syndrome characterized mainly by a defect in the diaphragm that allows some of the abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity, and involved missing or formation of abnormal bones in the arms or legs. (M., 1980) Therefore inbreeding depression was observable in the Lion population and posed major consequences. As seen in the California Condor and Golden Lion Tamarin, low genetic diversity caused by reduction in population will result in inbreeding depression. This will unmask of recessive deleterious alleles in the offsprings of the parental generation, and will result in the depletion of these individuals due to natural selection. Today, more species are alive on the planet than ever before. Estimates place the number of species between 10 to 100 million, with only 1.5 to 1.8 million identified with Latin names (Lacy, 1997). Of this number studies indicate that 2 to 3 species are going extinct yearly due to a wide number of reasons such as exploitation, habitat destruction, pollution, global warming, introduction of exotic species, and the spread of diseases. Why should we initially care about species going extinct? Major concern isn’t about extinction of a single species, but rather the ecosystem it belongs to, and the interaction with other species. Some species play a vital role in there ecosystem, that if lost due to extinction, it could affect a numerous number of species. Zoos across the world now hold a major role in conserving these species. Species that are headed towards extinction are captured from the wild and placed in zoos in which they are provided an artificial habitat much like their ow n. With the rather small population of species, professionals employ captive breeding amongst them. It is the process of capturing animals from the wild and mating them in captivity in order to increase the number of species under protected conditions. (Waugh, 1988) Despite many species that have been reintroduced into the wild as a result of captive breeding, there is a downfall. Firstly, captive breeding programs focuses only on a few charismatic endangered species, and neglects the numerous number of other species that are in the process of extinction. It is also very costly to train individuals to capture species from the wild, and provide them with their mimicry habitat and other resources they require. A major consequence faced by conservation however, is inbreeding depression seen in species that mate relatives, or siblings. Major consequences of Inbreeding depression are seen in the Lion population, South China Tiger, and California Condor. Because of their relatively small population due to factors such as habitat destruction, these species were captured from the wild, and had gone through inbreeding. A major consequence of inbreeding is the reduction in fitness and the loss of genetic diversity. As the closely related species kept on inbreeding within themselves, it was only those alleles that were being expressed. With a loss of genetic diversity, offsprings of those individuals are not able to withstand the changing environment. Other consequences of inbreeding seen in California Condor, is the expressivity of a recessive deleterious allele. The offsprings exhibited diseases caused by these recessive alleles. Hence, when a population undergoes a bottleneck affect, most zoos try a technique commonly knows as inbreeding to try and preserve a species. Inbreeding also has its consequences as it is apparent in the three species discussed above. The most direct effect of inbreeding is inbreeding depression as it causes a reduction in population number. Research Papers on Inbreeding DepressionGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceDefinition of Export QuotasQuebec and CanadaThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

Practicing Job Interviews for ESL

Practicing Job Interviews for ESL Teaching ESL or English for Specific Purposes classes almost always includes preparing students for job interviews. There are a number of resources on the site focusing on the type of language used during job interviews. This lesson focuses on helping students practice job interviews with each other while using prepared notes helping students recognize appropriate language to be used during the job interview. There are three essential parts to dealing with job interviews for students: Raising consciousness as to what expect in job interviewsHaving students carefully reflect on their own skills, strengths and weaknessesProviding pragmatic language skill guidance on appropriate language including tenses, vocational vocabulary, and standard application documents such as the resume and cover letters This practicing job interviews lesson plan helps with providing pragmatic language skills for the job interview through extensive note taking combined with appropriate tense and vocabulary review. Aim Improve job interviewing skills Activity Practicing job interviews Level intermediate to advanced Outline If you havent already done so, discuss the job interviewing process in detail with your students. Make sure to mention and / or help students understand that the job interviewing process in the United States (or another country) is probably very different than in their own native country. Discuss the differences in detail, suggest that students think of the process as a game in which rules must be followed to help them get over possible frustrations with the job interviewing process.Take a look at some standard job interviewing questions and replies. Here are some examples:How long have you been in current position? - Ive worked here for two years.When did you join XYZ Inc.? - I began work at XYZ Inc. in 2003.Why would you like to work at ABC Ltd.? - Id like to work at ABC Ltd. because Id like to use my experience in a customer service setting. etc.Ask students / work with students to review the various tenses used to answer these questions. Review the concepts of:Present perfect (co ntinuous) to speak about work experience up to the present moment Present simple to discuss current job responsibilitiesPast simple to discuss past responsibilitiesUse of conditional forms to imagine situations at work Introduce the concept using specific vocabulary to more specifically define responsibilities and capabilities (heres a great list of useful vocabulary for the resume and interview)Pass out the job interview worksheets (copy and paste into a document and print out for use in class).Ask students to complete both sections 1) as interviewer 2) as interviewee. Encourage students to focus specifically on tense usage and specific job vocabulary while completing this task.Circulate around the room helping students with the task, providing specific vocabulary, etc. Encourage students to write questions and responses beyond the cues provided on the worksheet.Give each student a number. Ask even number students to find an odd number student.Have even number students interview odd number students, asking them to refer to their worksheets when they get stuck.Have even number students team up with a different odd number student.Ask odd number students to interview even number students. This time, students should attempt to use their worksheets as seldom as possible. Discuss the practice sessions in detail.As a variation / extension, ask student interviewers to spend five minutes after each interview taking notes on strengths and weaknesses of the interview and share the notes withe the student interviewees. Job Interview Practice - Worksheet Use the following cues to write out full questions for a job interview. How long / work / present?How many / languages / speak?Strengths?Weaknesses?Past job?Current responsibilities?Education?Specific examples of responsibility at past job?Which position / want - like to have / new job?Future goals? Use the following cues to write out full responses for a job interview. Current job / schoolLast job / schoolLanguages / skillsHow long / work / current jobThree specific examples from past jobCurrent responsibilitiesStrengths / weaknesses (two for each)Why are you interested in this job?What are your future goals?Education

Select a product of popular culture and identify and discuss the Essay

Select a product of popular culture and identify and discuss the ideology that it gives expression to - Essay Example For such a reason, it is in good terms with the corporate acceptance. It is because of such a reason, that it excludes any formal and official gatherings as a potential target market. There are interesting aspects of culture in the identity of Red Bull. Red Bull has expressed different culture and cult in various parts of the world. Red Bull main market routes include pubs and bars. Red Bull has built up connections and associations with other alcoholic drinks in Western Europe. It has kept distance association with other alcoholic drinks in the Asian markets. This displays the different cultural aspects it is regarded with, in different places. Red bull’s entry into the market followed a strategy rooted firmly on its brand identity. It is based on the principle that Red Bull is Yin and Yang. It proposes a concept of balance. The concept is represented by two forces or bulls that merge in opposition. Through vigorous fighting, they develop to complement and accommodate each other. They become strong, and both strive to reach the peak and perfection. This philosophy is again duplicated in the presentation of Red Bull. The presentation displays a product that attains balance between the mind and body. This implies that when one uses it, development in the body and mind is enhanced. Red Bull maintains good body and mind state, despite it being an alcoholic drink. It uses various techniques in convincing people of its benefits. Such a technique is physique. The drink promises to â€Å"vitalize the body and body†. Its close association with sports and its display that it â€Å"gives you wings† is both convincing and inspirational. It further convinces people of its ideology by distinguishing it from carbonated drinks. The carbonated drinks often contain kids and adolescent connotations. Another convincing physique aspect of the drink is in its packaging. The drink comes packed in a thin and lean can. This gives a look that is both vibrant and flexible. This